Understanding Cybersecurity Frameworks: CMMC vs. NIST 800-171 vs. ISO 27001

Introduction

As cybersecurity threats grow and regulatory requirements evolve, defense sector businesses must navigate frameworks like CMMC, NIST 800-171, and ISO 27001. Each framework has its own focus and requirements. This blog will help you understand their differences and how to select the right one for your business.

What is NIST 800-171?

NIST 800-171 provides guidelines from the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) for protecting Controlled Unclassified Information (CUI) on non-federal systems. With 110 security controls across 14 families, it addresses key areas like access control and incident response. The latest draft of Revision 3, released in May 2023, continues to evolve to tackle emerging threats.

What is CMMC?

Developed by the U.S. Department of Defense, the Cybersecurity Maturity Model Certification (CMMC) is designed to enhance the protection of Federal Contract Information (FCI) and CUI within the defense supply chain. CMMC 2.0, the current version, introduces three levels of maturity:

  • Level 1: Basic safeguarding practices.
  • Level 2: Aligns with NIST 800-171 to protect CUI.
  • Level 3: Advanced practices for sensitive information and advanced threats.
 

Understanding ISO 27001

ISO 27001 is an international standard for Information Security Management Systems (ISMS). Unlike the U.S.-centric NIST and CMMC frameworks, ISO 27001 is globally recognized and adaptable to any organization. It emphasizes a risk-based approach to managing information security, with flexibility based on individual risk assessments.

Key Differences

Here’s a concise comparison:

Aspect

NIST 800-171

CMMC 2.0

ISO 27001

Purpose

Safeguards CUI on non-federal systems.

Certifies cybersecurity maturity for DoD contracts.

Manages information security broadly.

Certification

Self-assessment only.

Requires third-party certification.

Requires third-party certification.

Maturity Levels

No maturity levels.

Three levels of maturity.

No maturity levels; flexible based on risk.

Process Emphasis

Detailed controls; less process focus.

Documented processes and proactive culture.

Establishes and maintains an ISMS.

Scope of Controls

110 controls across 14 families.

Builds on NIST 800-171 with additional practices.

Customizable controls based on risk.

Assessment

Self-assessed.

Third-party assessments required.

Third-party audits every three years.


ISO 27001 and CMMC Compliance

Businesses with ISO 27001 certification can incorporate CMMC requirements into their existing ISMS. However, additional controls specific to CMMC may be needed to fully comply with its requirements.

Choosing the Right Framework

Selecting the appropriate framework depends on your business needs:

  • Defense Sector: CMMC compliance is mandatory.
  • Global Focus: ISO 27001 offers flexibility.
  • CUI Protection: NIST 800-171 is effective for self-assessment.
 

Conclusion

Cybersecurity compliance is essential in today’s digital landscape. Whether opting for NIST 800-171, CMMC, or ISO 27001, aligning with the right framework is crucial for protecting data and ensuring compliance.

Book a demo of our Compliance Assessment Tool today to see how your business measures up to NIST 800-171, CMMC, or ISO 27001 standards and stay ahead of cybersecurity risks.